Lipids serve numerous and diverse purposes in the structure and functions of organisms. Describe how phospholipids are used to construct biological membranes.Īlthough they are composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen, lipid molecules may also contain oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous.Compare and contrast triacylglycerides (triglycerides) and phospholipids.Describe the unique characteristics and diverse structures of lipids.Understand the role of brown adipose tissue in the generation of body heat.Describe the chemical composition of lipids Indicate the causes of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Īppreciate that adipose tissue is the main store of triacylglycerol in the body and explain the processes by which fatty acids are released and how they are regulated. Understand how the liver plays a central role in lipid transport and metabolism and how hepatic VLDL secretion is regulated by the diet and hormones.īe aware of the roles of LDL and HDL in promoting and retarding, respectively, the development of atherosclerosis. Illustrate the processes by which chylomicrons are metabolized by lipases to form chylomicron remnants, which are then removed from the circulation by the liver.Įxplain how VLDL is metabolized by lipases to VLDL remnants (also called intermediate-density lipoprotein ) which may be cleared by the liver or converted to low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which functions to deliver cholesterol from the liver to extrahepatic tissues and is taken up via the LDL (apoB100,E) receptor.Įxplain how high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which returns cholesterol from extrahepatic tissues to the liver in reverse cholesterol transport, is synthesized, indicate the mechanisms by which it accepts cholesterol from tissues, and show how it is metabolized in the HDL cycle. Indicate the major types of apolipoprotein found in the different lipoprotein classes.Įxplain that triacylglycerol is carried from the intestine (after intake from the diet) to the liver in chylomicrons and from the liver to extrahepatic tissues in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and these particles are synthesized in intestinal and liver cells, respectively, by similar processes. Illustrate the structure of a lipoprotein particle. Identify the four major groups of plasma lipoproteins and the four major lipid classes they carry. After studying this chapter, you should be able to:

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